Apigenin: The Flavonoid in Chamomile, Parsley & Celery

Apigenin is a flavone found in chamomile, parsley, celery, and several other herbs and vegetables. It has gained research attention for its anxiolytic (anxiety-reducing), anti-inflammatory, and potential anti-cancer properties, and has become popular in the longevity/biohacking community.

Mechanisms of Interest

Apigenin binds to GABA-A receptors (the same target as benzodiazepines, though with much weaker binding), which may partly explain chamomile tea's calming reputation. It also inhibits CD38, an enzyme that breaks down NAD+, potentially supporting cellular NAD+ levels. Additionally, apigenin has been researched as a senolytic compound and a modulator of autophagy.

Bioavailability

Apigenin has relatively low water solubility, which limits absorption. However, it has a longer half-life than many flavonoids, allowing tissue accumulation with regular consumption. Chamomile tea provides apigenin in a reasonably bioavailable form, as does consuming fresh parsley and celery.

Food Sources

Dried chamomile flowers (and thus chamomile tea) are the richest source. Fresh parsley, celery, dried oregano, and artichokes also provide meaningful amounts.